Understanding Hepatitis B: A Comprehensive Guide

What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver, causing inflammation and damage. It's a serious disease that can lead to chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if left untreated. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 292 million people worldwide are living with chronic hepatitis B infection.

Hepatitis B is primarily spread through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal secretions. It can also be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth or through sharing personal items like razors or toothbrushes.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of hepatitis B can be mild or severe and may not appear at all. In some cases, people may experience fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). If left untreated, chronic hepatitis B infection can lead to liver failure, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer.

Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. A blood test can detect the presence of antibodies against the virus, while an ultrasound or CT scan can help identify any liver damage.

Prevention, Treatment, and Vaccination

The best way to prevent hepatitis B is through vaccination. The WHO recommends that all newborns receive the first dose within 24 hours of birth, followed by a second dose at 1-2 months and a third dose at 6-18 months.

Treatment for acute hepatitis B typically involves rest, hydration, and medication to manage symptoms. For chronic infections, antiviral medications can help slow down the progression of liver damage.